Faisal Basri, Gatot Arya Putra

Escaping the middle income trap in Indonesia: an analysis of risks, remedies and national characteristics

Since the early 1990s Indonesia has been a lower-middle income country that gained international recognition as an attractive emerging market for investment and trade.

However, in recent years Indonesia´s economic performance remained below those of East Asia’s most dynamic neighboring economies. Today, economists are concerned that Indonesia runs the risk of a middle-income trap. Economic inequality, structural deficits in the field of infrastructure, education as well as investment in advanced industrialization are among the main risk factors.

Escaping the middle income trap in Indonesia

Basri, Faisal; Putra, Gatot Arya

Escaping the middle income trap in Indonesia

an analysis of risks, remedies and national characteristics
Jakarta, 2016

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