Transformation of a Traditional Market in the Urbanization Process: The Case of Dam Market in Nha Trang

Originating from the Cu Huan Lagoon (Swamp of Swallows) in 1908, Dam Market was initially known as Cua Market due to its location at the mouth of the Cai River. Cua Market once thrived as a vital hub for gathering, distributing, and trading fresh seafood. However, a fire in 1968 led authorities to construct a new market by filling the lagoon. Dam Market officially came into being in 1969, featuring a distinctive lotus-shaped dome with a diameter of 66.5 meters and a usable area exceeding 5,200 square meters. After more than 50 years of operation, a market once placed by a quiet river mouth now finds itself surrounded by a bustling urban area.

Over time, the old market's infrastructure deteriorated, posing safety concerns and becoming aesthetically displeasing. By 2013, the People's Committee of Khanh Hoa province approved a plan to construct a new Dam Market directly behind the old structure. This new facility, with three floors and an area of 21,000 square meters, was inaugurated in 2016. It boasts modern architecture and new, safe facilities. Furthermore, the market's management board demonstrates competence and capability in organizing business activities in a modern, flexible manner, adapting effectively to contemporary consumer trends.

The transition from the old to the new market encountered numerous obstacles. According to the initial plan, upon completion of the new market all shop dealers from the old market were to relocate, after which the old structure would be demolished. However, this plan met significant opposition from several dealers who feared the relocation would adversely affect their incomes. They argued that their substantial investments in renting stalls/kiosks in the old market would be lost upon moving. Despite the local government's compensation policies, these dealers refused to relocate, deeming the policies unsatisfactory. As a result, the relocation process has been delayed for many years, leading to the continued coexistence of both the new and old markets. Meanwhile, within the new market, most relocated dealers express dissatisfaction and struggle to adapt to the new business environment. They complain that business is sluggish because their shops are now located inside the market, no longer benefiting from the advantageous frontage positions they once occupied. Moreover, they face perceived unfair competition from those still operating in the old market.

Like many other traditional markets, Dam Market today faces intense competition from modern retail models such as shopping malls, supermarkets, and convenience stores. Within a 5km radius of the market, there are numerous modern shopping centres and supermarkets, including Vincom Plaza, Gold Coast Mall, and Khanh Hoa Center. Although Dam Market managers and shop dealers have adopted modern business and payment methods, such as platforms like Facebook and TikTok for advertisement and smartphone banking/payment applications, the competition from these large retail centres remains formidable.

Finally, the demolition of the old Dam Market to make way for the new one has sparked diverse opinions. Some advocate for the preservation of the old market, viewing its unique architecture as a cherished symbol of coastal Nha Trang and a repository of multi-generational memories for both locals and tourists. On August 14, 2024, the Association of Science and Technology of Khanh Hoa province proposed recognizing the old Dam Market as an "Architecturally Valuable Work" under the Law on Architecture and relevant legal bases. This initiative opens a new gateway for the potential preservation of this significant heritage.

The transformation of Dam Market, a traditional market, amidst rapid urbanization and globalization is an inevitable process. However, the crucial question that urban planners must address is how to effectively balance preserving the past with advancing towards modern development.

Remark: “The research was conducted as a cooperation between FES Vietnam and the Urban Studies Department, University of Social Science and Humanity, Ho Chi Minh City in 2024.”